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Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2008) - Qatar (2002)

Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2008) z Qatar (2002)

 Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2008)Qatar (2002)
 Ashmore and Cartier IslandsQatar
Administrative divisions - 9 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ad Dawhah, Al Ghuwayriyah, Al Jumayliyah, Al Khawr, Al Wakrah, Ar Rayyan, Jarayan al Batinah, Madinat ash Shamal, Umm Salal
Age structure - 0-14 years: 25.2% (male 102,110; female 98,053)


15-64 years: 72.1% (male 403,508; female 168,428)


65 years and over: 2.7% (male 15,299; female 5,943) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products - fruits, vegetables; poultry, dairy products, beef; fish
Airports - 4 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 2


over 3,047 m: 2 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 2


914 to 1,523 m: 1


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Area total: 5 sq km


land: 5 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island		 total: 11,437 sq km


land: 11,437 sq km


water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC slightly smaller than Connecticut
Background These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983, it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, is now a marine reserve. Ruled by the Al Thani family since the mid-1800s, Qatar transformed itself from a poor British protectorate noted mainly for pearling into an independent state with significant oil and natural gas revenues. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Qatari economy was crippled by a continuous siphoning off of petroleum revenues by the amir who had ruled the country since 1972. He was overthrown by his son, the current Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, in a bloodless coup in 1995. In 2001, Qatar resolved its longstanding border disputes with both Bahrain and Saudi Arabia. Oil and natural gas revenues enable Qatar to have a per capita income not far below the leading industrial countries of Western Europe.
Birth rate - 15.78 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget - revenues: $5 billion


expenditures: $4.8 billion, including capital expenditures of $900 million (FY01/02 est. )
Capital - Doha
Climate tropical arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers
Coastline 74.1 km 563 km
Constitution - provisional constitution enacted 19 April 1972; in July 1999 Amir HAMAD issued a decree forming a committee to draft a permanent constitution
Country name conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands


conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands		 conventional long form: State of Qatar


conventional short form: Qatar


local long form: Dawlat Qatar


local short form: Qatar


note: closest approximation of the native pronunciation falls between cutter and gutter, but not like guitar
Currency - Qatari rial (QAR)
Death rate - 4.34 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external - $13.1 billion (2000 est.)
Dependency status territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Attorney-General's Department -
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territory of Australia) chief of mission: Ambassador Maureen E. QUINN


embassy: Al-Luqtas District, 22 February Road, Doha


mailing address: P. O. Box 2399, Doha


telephone: [974] 488 4101


FAX: [974] 488 4298
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territory of Australia) chief of mission: Ambassador Badr Umar al-DAFA


chancery: 4200 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016


telephone: [1] (202) 274-1600


FAX: [1] (202) 237-0061


consulate(s) general: Houston
Disputes - international Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to these islands; Australia closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier Reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing and placed restrictions on certain catches none
Economic aid - recipient - $NA
Economy - overview no economic activity Oil accounts for more than 30% of GDP, roughly 80% of export earnings, and 58% of government revenues. Proved oil reserves of 3.7 billion barrels should ensure continued output at current levels for 23 years. Oil has given Qatar a per capita GDP comparable to that of the leading West European industrial countries. Qatar's proved reserves of natural gas exceed 7 trillion cubic meters, more than 5% of the world total, third largest in the world. Production and export of natural gas are becoming increasingly important. Long-term goals feature the development of offshore natural gas reserves. In 2000, Qatar posted its highest ever trade surplus of $7 billion, due mainly to high oil prices and increased natural gas exports, and managed to maintain the surplus in 2001.
Electricity - consumption - 8.556 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production - 9.2 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location 3 m		 lowest point: Persian Gulf 0 m


highest point: Qurayn Abu al Bawl 103 m
Environment - current issues NA limited natural fresh water resources are increasing dependence on large-scale desalination facilities
Environment - international agreements - party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Ethnic groups - Arab 40%, Pakistani 18%, Indian 18%, Iranian 10%, other 14%
Exchange rates - Qatari rials per US dollar - 3.6400 (fixed rate)
Executive branch - chief of state: Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani (since 27 June 1995 when, as crown prince, he ousted his father, Amir KHALIFA bin Hamad Al Thani, in a bloodless coup); Crown Prince JASSIM bin Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, third son of the monarch (selected crown prince by the monarch 22 October 1996); note - Amir HAMAD also holds the positions of minister of defense and commander-in-chief of the armed forces


head of government: Prime Minister ABDALLAH bin Khalifa Al Thani, brother of the monarch (since 30 October 1996); Deputy Prime Minister MUHAMMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, brother of the monarch (since 20 January 1998)


cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch


elections: none; the monarch is hereditary


note: in March 1999, Qatar held nationwide elections for a 29-member Central Municipal Council, which has consultative powers aimed at improving the provision of municipal services
Exports - $11 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Exports - commodities - petroleum products 80%, fertilizers, steel
Exports - partners - Japan 43%, Singapore 8%, South Korea 6%, US 4%, UAE 2% (1999)
Fiscal year - 1 April - 31 March
Flag description the flag of Australia is used maroon with a broad white serrated band (nine white points) on the hoist side
GDP - purchasing power parity - $16.3 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: 1%


industry: 49%


services: 50% (1996 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $21,200 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 5.6% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 12 14 S, 123 05 E 25 30 N, 51 15 E
Geography - note Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983 strategic location in central Persian Gulf near major petroleum deposits
Heliports - 1 (2002)
Highways - total: 1,230 km


paved: 1,107 km


unpaved: 123 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports - $3.5 billion f.o.b. (2001 est.)
Imports - commodities - machinery and transport equipment, food, chemicals
Imports - partners - UK 10%, Japan 8%, Germany 6%, Italy 6%, US 6% (1998)
Independence - 3 September 1971 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate - NA%
Industries - crude oil production and refining, fertilizers, petrochemicals, steel reinforcing bars, cement
Infant mortality rate - 20.73 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 2% (2001)
International organization participation - ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDB, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 0 sq km 130 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch - Court of Appeal
Labor force - 280,122 (1997 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km total: 60 km


border countries: Saudi Arabia 60 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (all grass and sand) (2005)		 arable land: 1.27%


permanent crops: 0.27%


other: 98.46% (1998 est.)
Languages - Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language
Legal system the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply discretionary system of law controlled by the amir, although civil codes are being implemented; Islamic law dominates family and personal matters
Legislative branch - unicameral Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura (35 seats; members appointed)


note: the constitution calls for elections for part of this consultative body, but no elections have been held since 1970, when there were partial elections to the body; Council members have had their terms extended every four years since
Life expectancy at birth - total population: 72.88 years


male: 70.4 years


female: 75.48 years (2002 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 79%


male: 79%


female: 80% (1995 est.)
Location Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, midway between northwestern Australia and Timor island Middle East, peninsula bordering the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia
Map references Southeast Asia Middle East
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 12 nm


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation		 contiguous zone: 24 NM


exclusive economic zone: as determined by bilateral agreements or the median line


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine - total: 25 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 679,081 GRT/1,051,088 DWT


ships by type: cargo 10, combination ore/oil 2, container 7, petroleum tanker 6


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Kuwait 1, United Arab Emirates 3 (2002 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force -
Military branches - Army, Navy, Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $723 million (FY00/01)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 10% (FY00/01)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49: 316,885


note: includes non-nationals (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49: 166,214 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age - 18 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually - males: 6,797 (2002 est.)
National holiday - Independence Day, 3 September (1971)
Nationality - noun: Qatari(s)


adjective: Qatari
Natural hazards surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards haze, dust storms, sandstorms common
Natural resources fish petroleum, natural gas, fish
Net migration rate - 18.75 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
People - note the landing of illegal immigrants from Indonesia's Rote Island has become an ongoing problem -
Pipelines - crude oil 235 km; natural gas 400 km
Political parties and leaders - none
Political pressure groups and leaders - none
Population no indigenous inhabitants


note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island		 793,341 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - 3.02% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors - Doha, Halul Island, Umm Sa'id (Musay'id)
Radio broadcast stations - AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 1 (1998)
Radios - 256,000 (1997)
Railways - 0 km
Religions - Muslim 95%
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 2.4 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 2.57 male(s)/female


total population: 1.91 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage - suffrage is limited to municipal elections
Telephone system - general assessment: modern system centered in Doha


domestic: NA


international: tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and UAE; submarine cable to Bahrain and UAE; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat
Telephones - main lines in use - 142,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 43,476 (1997)
Television broadcast stations - 1 (plus three repeaters) (2001)
Terrain low with sand and coral mostly flat and barren desert covered with loose sand and gravel
Total fertility rate - 3.1 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate - 2.7% (2001)
Waterways - none
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